{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://commonmeta.org/commonmeta_v1.0.json",
  "title": "Commonmeta v1.0",
  "description": "JSON representation of the Commonmeta schema. The document is an array of objects, where each object is a work, an organization, or a person.",
  "type": "array",
  "uniqueItems": true,
  "prefixItems": [
    {
      "description": "The first item in the array: a work, a person, or an organization. In a collection, this is typically the subject whose related entities follow.",
      "$ref": "#/$defs/entity"
    }
  ],
  "items": {
    "description": "Subsequent items in the array: works, persons, or organizations related to the subject.",
    "$ref": "#/$defs/entity"
  },
  "$defs": {
    "entity": {
      "description": "A single Commonmeta entity: a work, a person, or an organization.",
      "oneOf": [
        {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/work"
        },
        {
          "allOf": [
            {"$ref": "#/$defs/person"},
            {"required": ["id"]}
          ]
        },
        {
          "allOf": [
            {"$ref": "#/$defs/organization"},
            {"required": ["id"]}
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "work": {
      "description": "A commonmeta work object.",
      "type": "object",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {
        "id": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/id"
        },
        "type": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/type"
        },
        "additional_descriptions": {
          "description": "The additional descriptions of the resource.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "additionalProperties": false,
            "properties": {
              "description": {
                "description": "The description of the resource.",
                "type": "string"
              },
              "type": {
                "description": "The type of the description.",
                "type": "string",
                "enum": [
                  "Abstract",
                  "Summary",
                  "Methods",
                  "TechnicalInfo",
                  "Other"
                ]
              },
              "language": {
                "$ref": "#/$defs/language"
              }
            },
            "required": [
              "description"
            ]
          }
        },
        "additional_titles": {
          "description": "Additional titles of the resource.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "additionalProperties": false,
            "properties": {
              "title": {
                "description": "The title of the resource.",
                "type": "string"
              },
              "type": {
                "description": "The type of the title.",
                "type": "string",
                "enum": [
                  "AlternativeTitle",
                  "Subtitle",
                  "TranslatedTitle"
                ]
              },
              "language": {
                "$ref": "#/$defs/language"
              }
            },
            "required": [
              "title"
            ]
          }
        },
        "additional_type": {
          "description": "The additional type of the resource.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "archive_locations": {
          "description": "The locations where content is archived.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "string",
            "enum": [
              "CLOCKSS",
              "LOCKSS",
              "Portico",
              "KB",
              "Internet Archive",
              "DWT"
            ]
          }
        },
        "citations": {
          "description": "Citations of the resource by other resources.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/reference"
          }
        },
        "container": {
          "description": "The container of the resource.",
          "type": "object",
          "additionalProperties": false,
          "properties": {
            "identifier": {
              "description": "The identifier for the container.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "identifier_type": {
              "type": "string",
              "enum": [
                "ARK", "arXiv", "article_id", "Bibcode", "DOI", "Handle", "ISBN", "ISSN",
                "OpenAlex", "PMID", "PMCID", "PURL", "RAiD", "SWHID",
                "URL", "URN", "UUID", "GUID", "Other"
              ]
            },
            "scheme": {
              "description": "The scheme for identifiers with identifier_type 'Other', e.g. 'LISSN' or 'IGSN'.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "type": {
              "description": "The type of the container.",
              "type": "string",
              "enum": [
                "Blog",
                "Book",
                "BookSeries",
                "Journal",
                "Proceedings",
                "ProceedingsSeries",
                "Repository",
                "DataRepository",
                "Periodical",
                "Series",
                "Other"
              ]
            },
            "title": {
              "description": "The title of the container.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "description": {
              "description": "The description of the container.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "language": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/language"
            },
            "license": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/license"
            },
            "platform": {
              "description": "The platform of the container.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "image": {
              "description": "The image for the container.",
              "type": "string",
              "format": "uri"
            },
            "first_page": {
              "description": "The first page of the resource.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "last_page": {
              "description": "The last page of the resource.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "volume": {
              "description": "The volume of the resource.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "issue": {
              "description": "The issue of the resource.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "location": {
              "description": "The location of the conference or event.",
              "type": "string"
            },
            "series": {
              "description": "The series name or acronym for the conference or event.",
              "type": "string"
            }
          }
        },
        "content": {
          "description": "The full text content of the resource, e.g. the body of a blog post.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "contributors": {
          "description": "The contributors to the resource.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/contributor"
          },
          "minItems": 1
        },
        "date_published": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
        },
        "date_updated": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
        },
        "dates": {
          "description": "Other dates for the resource.",
          "type": "object",
          "additionalProperties": false,
          "properties": {
            "created": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
            },
            "submitted": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
            },
            "accepted": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
            },
            "accessed": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
            },
            "available": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
            },
            "withdrawn": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
            },
            "collected": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
            },
            "valid": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
            },
            "copyrighted": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
            },
            "other": {
              "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
            }
          }
        },
        "description": {
          "description": "The description of the resource.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "files": {
          "description": "The downloadable files for the resource.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "additionalProperties": false,
            "properties": {
              "bucket": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "key": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "checksum": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "url": {
                "type": "string",
                "format": "uri"
              },
              "size": {
                "type": "integer"
              },
              "mime_type": {
                "type": "string"
              }
            },
            "required": [
              "url"
            ]
          },
          "minItems": 1
        },
        "funding_references": {
          "description": "The funding references for the resource.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "additionalProperties": false,
            "properties": {
              "funder_id": {
                "$ref": "#/$defs/id"
              },
              "funder_name": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "award_id": {
                "$ref": "#/$defs/id"
              },
              "award_title": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "award_number": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "asserted_by": {
                "$ref": "#/$defs/provider"
              }
            },
            "anyOf": [
              {
                "required": [
                  "funder_name"
                ]
              },
              {
                "required": [
                  "funder_id"
                ]
              },
              {
                "required": [
                  "award_number"
                ]
              },
              {
                "required": [
                  "award_title"
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "geo_locations": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/geo_location"
          },
          "uniqueItems": true
        },
        "identifiers": {
          "description": "Identifiers for the resource, including the id.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/identifier"
          }
        },
        "image": {
          "description": "The image for the resource, e.g. a thumbnail for a blog post.",
          "type": "string",
          "format": "uri"
        },
        "language": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/language"
        },
        "license": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/license"
        },
        "provider": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/provider"
        },
        "publisher": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/organization"
        },
        "references": {
          "description": "References cited by this resource.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/reference"
          }
        },
        "relations": {
          "description": "Other resolvable persistent unique IDs related to the resource.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "additionalProperties": false,
            "properties": {
              "id": {
                "$ref": "#/$defs/id"
              },
              "type": {
                "type": "string",
                "enum": [
                  "IsNewVersionOf",
                  "IsPreviousVersionOf",
                  "IsVersionOf",
                  "HasVersion",
                  "IsPartOf",
                  "HasPart",
                  "IsVariantFormOf",
                  "IsOriginalFormOf",
                  "IsIdenticalTo",
                  "IsTranslationOf",
                  "HasTranslation",
                  "IsReviewOf",
                  "HasReview",
                  "IsReviewedBy",
                  "Reviews",
                  "IsPreprintOf",
                  "HasPreprint",
                  "IsSupplementTo",
                  "IsSupplementedBy",
                  "Other"
                ]
              },
              "asserted_by": {
                "$ref": "#/$defs/provider"
              }
            },
            "required": [
              "id",
              "type"
            ]
          },
          "minItems": 1
        },
        "schema_version": {
          "description": "The URI of the commonmeta JSON Schema version used.",
          "type": "string",
          "const": "https://commonmeta.org/commonmeta_v1.0.json"
        },
        "subjects": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "additionalProperties": false,
            "properties": {
              "id": {
                "$ref": "#/$defs/id"
              },
              "subject": {
                "type": "string"
              },
              "language": {
                "$ref": "#/$defs/language"
              }
            },
            "required": [
              "subject"
            ]
          }
        },
        "title": {
          "description": "The title of the resource.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "url": {
          "description": "The URL of the resource.",
          "type": "string",
          "format": "uri"
        },
        "version": {
          "description": "The version of the resource.",
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "id",
        "type"
      ]
    },
    "contributor": {
      "type": "object",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {
        "type": {
          "type": "string",
          "enum": [
            "Person",
            "Organization"
          ]
        },
        "person": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/person"
        },
        "organization": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/organization"
        },
        "roles": {
          "description": "List of roles assumed by the contributor when working on the resource.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/contributor_role"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "type"
      ],
      "if": {
        "properties": {
          "type": {
            "const": "Person"
          }
        }
      },
      "then": {
        "required": [
          "person"
        ]
      },
      "else": {
        "required": [
          "organization"
        ]
      }
    },
    "contributor_role": {
      "description": "The type of contribution made by a contributor",
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "Author",
        "Chair",
        "Conceptualization",
        "ContactPerson",
        "DataCollector",
        "DataCuration",
        "DataManager",
        "Distributor",
        "Editor",
        "FormalAnalysis",
        "FundingAcquisition",
        "HostingInstitution",
        "Interviewee",
        "Investigation",
        "Maintainer",
        "Methodology",
        "Other",
        "Producer",
        "ProjectAdministration",
        "ProjectLeader",
        "ProjectManager",
        "ProjectMember",
        "Reader",
        "RelatedPerson",
        "RegistrationAgency",
        "RegistrationAuthority",
        "ResearchGroup",
        "Researcher",
        "Resources",
        "Reviewer",
        "ReviewerExternal",
        "ReviewAssistant",
        "RightsHolder",
        "Software",
        "Sponsor",
        "StatsReviewer",
        "Supervision",
        "Translator",
        "Validation",
        "Visualization",
        "WorkPackageLeader",
        "WritingOriginalDraft",
        "WritingReviewEditing"
      ]
    },
    "date": {
      "description": "An ISO 8601 / EDTF level 0 date or partial date (year, year-month, year-month-day, or full date-time).",
      "type": "string",
      "pattern": "^\\d{4}(-\\d{2}(-\\d{2}(T\\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?(Z|[+-]\\d{2}:\\d{2})?)?)?)?$"
    },
    "id": {
      "description": "The unique identifier for the resource.",
      "type": "string",
      "format": "uri"
    },
    "identifier": {
      "description": "An identifier for the resource.",
      "type": "object",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {
        "identifier": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "identifier_type": {
          "type": "string",
          "enum": [
            "ARK",
            "arXiv",
            "article_id",
            "Bibcode",
            "DOI",
            "FundRef",
            "GeoNames",
            "GRID",
            "Handle",
            "ISBN",
            "ISNI",
            "ISSN",
            "OpenAlex",
            "PMID",
            "PMCID",
            "PURL",
            "RAiD",
            "ResearcherID",
            "ROR",
            "ScopusID",
            "SWHID",
            "URL",
            "URN",
            "UUID",
            "GUID",
            "Wikidata",
            "Other"
          ]
        },
        "scheme": {
          "description": "The scheme for identifiers with identifier_type 'Other', e.g. 'IGSN' or 'MGDS'.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "asserted_by": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/provider"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "identifier",
        "identifier_type"
      ]
    },
    "language": {
      "description": "The language. Use one of the language codes from the IETF BCP 47 standard.",
      "type": "string"
    },
    "geo_location": {
      "description": "A geographic location associated with the resource.",
      "type": "object",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {
        "id": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/id"
        },
        "place": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "point_longitude": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/longitude"
        },
        "point_latitude": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/latitude"
        },
        "box_west_longitude": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/longitude"
        },
        "box_east_longitude": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/longitude"
        },
        "box_south_latitude": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/latitude"
        },
        "box_north_latitude": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/latitude"
        },
        "polygon": {
          "description": "The polygon geometry, formatted as Well-Known Text (WKT).",
          "type": "string"
        }
      }
    },
    "latitude": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": -90,
      "maximum": 90
    },
    "affiliation": {
      "description": "An organizational affiliation of a person, optionally scoped by role and date range.",
      "type": "object",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {
        "id": {
          "description": "ROR identifier URL.",
          "type": "string",
          "format": "uri",
          "pattern": "^https://ror\\.org/[0-9a-z]{9}$"
        },
        "name": {
          "description": "The name of the affiliated organization.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "role": {
          "description": "The role or job title held at the organization.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "start_date": {
          "description": "The date the affiliation began.",
          "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
        },
        "end_date": {
          "description": "The date the affiliation ended.",
          "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
        },
        "asserted_by": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/provider"
        }
      },
      "anyOf": [
        {"required": ["id"]},
        {"required": ["name"]}
      ]
    },
    "license": {
      "description": "The license for the resource. Use one of the SPDX license identifiers.",
      "type": "object",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {
        "id": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "title": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "url": {
          "type": "string",
          "format": "uri"
        },
        "asserted_by": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/provider"
        }
      }
    },
    "longitude": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": -180,
      "maximum": 180
    },
    "organization": {
      "type": "object",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {
        "id": {
          "description": "ROR identifier URL.",
          "type": "string",
          "format": "uri",
          "pattern": "^https://ror\\.org/[0-9a-z]{9}$"
        },
        "name": {
          "description": "The name of the organization.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "acronym": {
          "description": "The acronym or abbreviation of the organization.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "additional_names": {
          "description": "Alternate names, aliases, or translated names of the organization.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        },
        "types": {
          "description": "The types of the organization.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "string",
            "enum": [
              "education",
              "funder",
              "healthcare",
              "company",
              "archive",
              "nonprofit",
              "government",
              "facility",
              "other"
            ]
          }
        },
        "status": {
          "description": "The status of the organization.",
          "type": "string",
          "enum": [
            "active",
            "inactive",
            "withdrawn"
          ]
        },
        "established": {
          "description": "The year the organization was established.",
          "type": "integer"
        },
        "date_updated": {
          "description": "The date the organization record was last updated.",
          "$ref": "#/$defs/date"
        },
        "identifiers": {
          "description": "External identifiers for the organization, e.g. GRID, ISNI, FundRef, or Wikidata.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/identifier"
          }
        },
        "urls": {
          "description": "Website and other URLs associated with the organization.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "additionalProperties": false,
            "properties": {
              "name": {
                "description": "A label for the URL.",
                "type": "string"
              },
              "url": {
                "type": "string",
                "format": "uri"
              }
            },
            "required": ["url"]
          }
        },
        "country": {
          "description": "The country of the organization, as an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code.",
          "type": "string",
          "pattern": "^[A-Z]{2}$"
        },
        "relations": {
          "description": "Other organizations related to this organization.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "additionalProperties": false,
            "properties": {
              "id": {
                "description": "ROR or other identifier URL of the related organization.",
                "type": "string",
                "format": "uri"
              },
              "type": {
                "type": "string",
                "enum": [
                  "IsPartOf",
                  "HasPart",
                  "IsRelatedTo",
                  "Other"
                ]
              }
            },
            "required": ["id", "type"]
          },
          "minItems": 1
        },
        "asserted_by": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/provider"
        }
      }
    },
    "person": {
      "type": "object",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {
        "id": {
          "description": "ORCID identifier URL.",
          "type": "string",
          "format": "uri",
          "pattern": "^https://orcid\\.org/\\d{4}-\\d{4}-\\d{4}-\\d{3}[0-9X]$"
        },
        "given_name": {
          "description": "The given name of the person.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "family_name": {
          "description": "The family name of the person.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "name": {
          "description": "The display or credit name of the person.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "additional_names": {
          "description": "Alternate names, pseudonyms, or previous names of the person.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        },
        "description": {
          "description": "A biographical description of the person.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "affiliations": {
          "description": "The affiliations of the person.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/affiliation"
          }
        },
        "identifiers": {
          "description": "External identifiers for the person, e.g. Scopus Author ID or ResearcherID.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/identifier"
          }
        },
        "urls": {
          "description": "Personal or professional URLs associated with the person.",
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "object",
            "additionalProperties": false,
            "properties": {
              "name": {
                "description": "A label for the URL.",
                "type": "string"
              },
              "url": {
                "type": "string",
                "format": "uri"
              }
            },
            "required": ["url"]
          }
        },
        "country": {
          "description": "The country of the person, as an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code.",
          "type": "string",
          "pattern": "^[A-Z]{2}$"
        },
        "asserted_by": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/provider"
        }
      },
      "anyOf": [
        {"required": ["id"]},
        {"required": ["given_name"]},
        {"required": ["family_name"]}
      ]
    },
    "provider": {
      "description": "The provider of the resource or the assertion. This can be a DOI registration agency, a repository, or any other entity asserting the information.",
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "Crossref",
        "DataCite",
        "Airiti",
        "CNKI",
        "JaLC",
        "KISTI",
        "mEDRA",
        "OP",
        "Contributor",
        "Commonmeta",
        "GitHub",
        "OpenAIRE",
        "OpenAlex",
        "ORCID",
        "Publisher",
        "PubMed",
        "ROR",
        "Other"
      ]
    },
    "type": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "Article",
        "Audiovisual",
        "Blog",
        "BlogPost",
        "BlogVolume",
        "Book",
        "BookChapter",
        "BookPart",
        "BookSection",
        "BookSeries",
        "BookSet",
        "Collection",
        "Component",
        "ComputationalNotebook",
        "Database",
        "Dataset",
        "Dissertation",
        "Document",
        "Entry",
        "Event",
        "Figure",
        "Grant",
        "Image",
        "Instrument",
        "InteractiveResource",
        "Journal",
        "JournalArticle",
        "JournalIssue",
        "JournalVolume",
        "LegalDocument",
        "Manuscript",
        "Map",
        "Model",
        "OutputManagementPlan",
        "Patent",
        "PeerReview",
        "Performance",
        "PersonalCommunication",
        "PhysicalObject",
        "Post",
        "Poster",
        "Presentation",
        "Proceedings",
        "ProceedingsArticle",
        "ProceedingsSeries",
        "Report",
        "ReportComponent",
        "ReportSeries",
        "Review",
        "Service",
        "Software",
        "Sound",
        "Standard",
        "StudyRegistration",
        "WebPage",
        "Workflow",
        "Other"
      ]
    },
    "reference": {
      "description": "A cited or citing work. Used for both references (works cited by this resource) and citations (works that cite this resource).",
      "type": "object",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {
        "key": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "id": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/id"
        },
        "type": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/type"
        },
        "reference": {
          "description": "The reference formatted as string.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "title": {
          "description": "The title of the referenced article.",
          "type": "string"
        },
        "asserted_by": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/provider"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}